Difficulty resolving complaints
Increased exposure to frauds & scams
Fear of privacy violations
Non-transparent product information
Lack of inclusive instant payment systems
Lack of diversity in distribution channels
Poor internet & mobile connectivity
Unreliable payment system & network
High mobile internet cost
Distance from financial service points
Poor digital & foundational ID infrastructure
High cost of using DFS (incl. transaction cost)
Low digital financial capability
Limited personal exposure to DFS
Real or perceived lack of money
Lack of phone & SIM ownership
Low data footprint among women
Low digital capability of financial institutions
Lack of strategic focus on women customers
Lack of women in policy or financial institution leadership
Policies that discourage healthy financial sector competition
Lack of gender-intentional National Financial Inclusion Strategies (NFIS)
Lack of proportional & tiered KYC requirements
Broader legal constraints
Low utilization of gender-disaggregated data (GDD)
Low scalability of products
Fragmented market collaboration
Poor user interface & navigability
Poor understanding of women’s financial needs
Lack of reliable & high-quality in-person services
Complex onboarding process
Biases that center men as financial customers
Women’s disproportionate time burden
Ambivalence or antagonism towards women’s financial independence
Lack of formal job opportunities
Complex business registration requirements
Limited workplace protections & benefits
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